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History Two Form 5 & 6 All Topics Full Notes PDF Download

Posted by Dastan Anastaz April 20, 2026

History Two Form 5 & 6 All Topics Full Notes PDF Download

HISTORY

History is the study of the past – specifically the people, societies, events and problems of the past – as well as our attempts to understand them. It is a pursuit common to all human societies.

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To study history is to develop a disciplined way of making sense of the world by inquiring about the past.

What do we know about the past?

1. Facts

Call upon substantial factual knowledge about the past.

2. Evidence

Understand that history is an evidence-based discipline that requires identifying reliable sources of information.

3. Questions

Ask rigorous and open-ended questions of historical evidence in order to interpret what happened in the past.

4. Context

Establish relevant context to relate historical facts and/or evidence to the time and place of their original existence.

TOPIC 1: THE RISE OF CAPITALISM IN EUROPE | HISTORY 2 FORM SIX

TOPIC 2: THE RISE OF DEMOCRACY IN EUROPE | HISTORY 2 FORM SIX

TOPIC 3: IMPERIALISM AND TERRITORIAL DIVISION OF THE WORLD | HISTORY 2 FORM SIX

TOPIC 4: THE RISE OF DICTATORSHIP IN GERMANY, ITALY AND JAPAN | HISTORY 2 FORM SIX

TOPIC 5: THE RISE OF SOCIALISM | HISTORY 2 FORM SIX

TOPIC 6: EMERGENCE OF U.S.A AS A NEW CAPITALIST SUPER POWER | HISTORY 2 FORM SIX

TOPIC 7: THREATS TO WORLD PEACE AFTER WWII THE COLD WAR | HISTORY 2 FORM SIX

TOPIC 8: NEO COLONIALISM AND UNDERDEVELOPMENT IN THE THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES | HISTORY 2 FORM SIX

CAPITALISM

Capitalism is an economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production, especially in the industrial sector, with labor paid only wages.

Capitalism developed historically out of previous systems of feudalism and mercantilism in Europe, and dramatically expanded industrialization and the large-scale availability of mass-market consumer goods.

TRANSITION FROM FEUDALISM TO AGRARIAN REVOLUTION

Feudalism is a term delivered from the latin word “feudum” meaning fief or an estate of land held on behalf of a lord and in return the holder of the land offered military service and other services to the lord.

Thus, a feudal society is the one in which the basic social and political structure are determined by a practice of fief holding. In other words, feudalism is based on holding of land for renting.

A feudal mode of production, therefore, was based on lord’s ownership of the land as well as incomplete or partial ownership of the peasants and serfs living on the land. The dependent serfs farmed and ran small economies on the land belonging to the feudal lords. Moreover, the relationship between the land lord and his tenants (serfs) was not only an economic one but also social one. The tenant was a vassal of the lord, that is her or she was bound to the lord by special oath of loyalty.

The basic features of feudalism

i. There was bounded relationship between the lords and tenants. The lord normally exercised right of jurisdiction in the land which he held as a fief. The landlord was a governor of the fief.

ii. There was antagonistic classes of lords and the serfs. The function was mainly due to exploitative tendencies of the lords. The lords exploited the serfs.

iii. Under feudalism the two dominant classes were feudal lords and tenants. Tenants were attached to the soils for the production of substance as well as surplus. The surplus was consumed mainly by the landlords.

iv. Production was for subsistence i.e. serfs producers mainly for food and less for exchange.

v. Feudalism in Europe went hand with the building of armies. The armies and other willing class –kings and nobles supported themselves from the produce of their estates. Serfs were the producer in the lords or willing class estates.

vi. In feudalism the feudal activities were basically agrarian (for food production) although few industries existed, many people were attached to the soil, that is cultivating the soil to earn a living.

AGRARIAN REVOLUTION IN BRITIAN

Agrarian revolution refers to the rapid changes which occurred in agriculture sector. The changes were accompanied by the application of science and technology. In Britain, agriculture revolution happened between the 16th Century and 18th Century.

Before the agrarian revolution in Britain, agricultural production was very low. The low productions of agricultural produce were party caused by the land tenure. Land was divided, owned and worked by serfs or peasants. Most of the land was also left fallow ie the large part of the land was not under farming. In addition to low production in agricultural the majority of population in pre-agranal revolution.

This is the drastic change in agricultural production through better technique, methods and land tenure. It started in 1450 -1750 but reached maturity in 1801. Agranian revolution started in Netherland-Holland and later English.

Causes of Agrarian revolution

The changes in agricultural production were caused mainly by two factors:

i. The first cause was the rapid increase of population

The large population necessitated the changes in the methods on producing crops and animals so as to cope with the high demand of force from the populate.

The population of Europe as a world and Britian in particular was steadily increasing between 15th and 18th centuries, For example the population of Europe rose from sixty –nine million people to 188million people between 15th and 18th centuries. This increase of population mainly happened in the cities and towns.

ii. The second factor was high demand of wool

The high demand of wool led to sheep commercial farming. The commercial sheep farming in the 16th century due to the demand of wool clothes.

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